BACKUP PARTITION TABLE

In computer hardware, GUID Partition Table (GPT) is a standard for the layout of the partition table on a physical hard disk. Although it forms a part of the Extensible Firmware Interface (EFI) standard (Intel's proposed replacement for the PC BIOS), it is also used on some BIOS systems because of the limitations of MBR partition tables, which use 32 bits for storing logical block addresses and size information. For disks with 512-byte sectors, the MBR partition table entries allow up to a maximum of 2.20 TB (2.20 × 1012 bytes) or 2 TiB−512 bytes (2,199,023,255,040 bytes or 4,294,967,295 (232−1) sectors × 512 (29) bytes per sector).[1] GPT allocates 64 bits for logical block addresses and therefore allows a maximum disk and partition size of 264−1 sectors. For disks with 512-byte sectors, that would be 9.4 ZB (9.4 × 1021 bytes)[1][2] or 8 ZiB−512 bytes (9,444,732,965,739,290,426,880 bytes or 18,446,744,073,709,551,615 (264−1) sectors × 512 (29) bytes per sector).
Using Following two ways you can store Partition table.

1:)dd the old good command which now backup partition tables. Backing up partition is nothing but actually backing up MBR (master boot record). The command is as follows for backing up MBR stored on /dev/sdX or /dev/hdX depending upon whether you are using scsi or ide :
# dd if=/dev/sdX of=/tmp/sda-mbr.bin bs=512 count=1

Replace X with actual device name such as /dev/sda.

Now to restore partition table to disk, all you need to do is use dd command:
# dd if= sda-mbr.bin of=/dev/sdX bs=1 count=64 skip=446 seek=446

 446 bytes of Bootstrap code, then 4 partition entries x 16 bytes = 64 bytes, then 2 bytes of signature (a 16 bit number = 0101010110101010).


2:)We can get a quick look on all the existing partitions on all the available hard drives with fdisk using the -l switch without any other parameter

mango@pineapple:~$ sudo fdisk -l
[sudo] password for mango: 

Disk /dev/sda: 16.1 GB, 16106127360 bytes
255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 1958 cylinders
Units = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytes
Disk identifier: 0x0000a1e3

   Device Boot      Start         End      Blocks   Id  System
/dev/sda1   *           1        1870    15020743+  83  Linux
/dev/sda2            1871        1958      706860    5  Extended
/dev/sda5            1871        1958      706828+  82  Linux swap / Solaris

mango@pineapple:~$ sudo sfdisk -d /dev/sda

# partition table of /dev/sda

unit: sectors

/dev/sda1 : start=       63, size= 30041487, Id=83, bootable

/dev/sda2 : start= 30041550, size=  1413720, Id= 5

/dev/sda3 : start=        0, size=        0, Id= 0

/dev/sda4 : start=        0, size=        0, Id= 0

/dev/sda5 : start= 30041613, size=  1413657, Id=82

Using sfdisk with the -d option we can get a dump of the current partition table in a regular file, and if needed we can restore it from that file:

sfdisk -d /dev/sda > sdaTable

and to restore the partition table:

sfdisk /dev/sda <>sdaTable